Can a professor use copyrighted work in an exam or test?

Yes. In accordance with Article 49 of the Copyright and Related Rights Act, already published copyrighted works (e.g. short excerpts from literary works, poems, photographs, illustrations, etc.) may be used for the purpose of illustration in exams or tests. The use must be non-commercial, meaning that neither the professor nor the educational institution may obtain any direct or indirect economic benefit from it. The author and source of the work must also be clearly indicated.